ULTRA LEARNING BY SCOTT H. YOUNG

The 9 Principles of Ultralearning
Young distills the methods of history's greatest learners (like Richard Feynman and Benjamin Franklin) into nine actionable pillars:

1. Metalearning: Learn how to learn the subject first by creating a "map" of what you need to know and how you'll reach it.
2. Focus: Carve out distraction-free time blocks to cultivate deep concentration and flow.
3. Directness: Stop "studying" and start "doing"; learn by practicing the skill in the exact environment you intend to use it.
4. Drill: Identify your weakest points and attack them ruthlessly with targeted exercises until they become strengths.
5. Retrieval: Use active testing to recall information from memory instead of passively re-reading notes.
6. Feedback: Seek out "aggressive" feedback—it's often uncomfortable, but it’s the fastest way to correct mistakes.
7. Retention: Understand how memory decays and use techniques like spaced repetition to make knowledge permanent.
8. Intuition: Go beyond surface-level memorization; develop a deep, "first-principles" understanding of your subject.
9. Experimentation: Once you've built a foundation, explore outside your comfort zone to develop a style that is uniquely yours.